The Work Of Michael Jackson - 1315 Words

Michael Jackson, both as a solo artist and also within the group of his family band Jackson 5, pushed the envelope in music, stage costumes, dance moves, videos and record-setting album sales. The Jackson family from Gary Indiana were a rags-to-riches tale that was built on sacrifice, talent and hard work. Michael was born into the family of children Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, La Toya, Marlon, Randy and Janet. Their father Joseph and mother Katherine encouraged and provided guidance with their careers. With his brother already members of a band Michael joined them in 1963 along with Marlon. Their first success was at a talent show winning an amateur competition at Harlem’s Appolo Theatre in New York. After that they were endorsed by†¦show more content†¦The Jackson’s stayed with Epic/CBS until 1990. In 1984 it was the Victory Tour that rose Michael in his solo career as a worldwide superstar. In 1990 when they were no longer signed with Epic/CBS Michael, Janet and the others continued with their solo careers. Michael became a star at the age of seven and his first solo song was Got to Be There came out in 1971 when he was twelve. Although he was discovered by Berry Gordy it was Quincy Jones that helped elevate Michael’s career to be worthy of the title King of Pop. Quincy partnered with Michael in the film titled The Wiz in 1978. They collaborated on his album Off the Wall in 1979 and won a Grammy in 1980. In 1982 he released Thriller the best-selling album in music history selling 104 million copies worldwide and the title track was number 1 for 37 weeks on the Billboard album sales chart. His 14 minute Thriller video won a MTV Video Music Award for best choreography in 1984 and continues to be the greatest music video of all time. It was at a concert in Detroit in 1983 while singing Billie Jean that he first danced his signature Moonwalk which he credits James Brown as his inspiration. The rest of the world got to see him do this Moonwalk while also singing Billie Jean at Motown ’s 25th Anniversary. I personally will never forget the

A Study of Corporate Failures Free Essays

It is said that a company will only last if it practice good governance to its employees and customers providing them all of their needs and satisfying their expectations in terms of product quality and good management. This brings out a good working relationship between the management and employees that builds trust and loyalty among them which in the end will result in a favorable output contributing to the good name of the company. The reputation of a certain company has been always important for their marketing and growth. We will write a custom essay sample on A Study of Corporate Failures or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus in order to have a good impression to the customer and employees, the company’s management tend to bring out the best that they can bring to give a good impression to their customers and people. Since good governance gives a harmonious working relationship between the management, employees and customers, people may seem to like the company more and as the days goes by, they might learn to ask more than the company can provide. The company may become bigger, but expectations will always be present from suppliers, customers and employees. Because of a higher demand for quality management, the top management of a company may do some changes to their usual managing practice to cope up to the demand that their company is facing like higher product outputs, client concerns, supply procurement and more. Change is always permanent. For companies, certain decisions must be done to acquire a certain expected result for the benefit of all but there are also some decisions that were made by the company which they think is the best strategy for a certain issue but only resulted to conflicts and problem. This paper’s aim is to give an insight of what a bad corporate management or governance is and its effect to a company, its employees, and their customers and to other business as well. We examine the different reasons why a company fail and the different things that a management can do to avoid it. Included also in the paper are some experiences of different companies that had gotten through bad management strategies and how they cope up from it. Introduction Change Management is one tool to measure the performance of the overall productivity of a company. If a kind of management strategy being implemented is not good to handle a company’s requirement, it is very obvious that it will cause problems in the end. As stated a while ago, competition is very tight in the market and demands are very high. This however, takes the management in a decision to take one step forward for improvements. Changing a workflow, product standards or even the salaries of employees are very crucial. If not monitored well, this may result to conflict and quality issues. Decision making has been a big task for managers to make new guidelines that will be followed in order to achieve a certain goal. Yearly, numerous meetings and agreements are being made by both top management and employees that change the usual work flow of the company that sometimes gives discomfort to other workers because of they are used of the usual work that they do. Aside from decision making, changes in the market demands, economy, quality expectations, information technology, business structure and manpower can give great pressure to the business. As change is permanent, the risk of managing a business gets sensitive as time goes by resulting complicated scenarios and threat of failure. Management Management is controlling a group of people to achieve a certain goal. In business, the top management is concerned in doing the most important decisions that are to be followed by all employees of the company including its policies and strategies. Because of the different issues that the business encounters, strategic decisions are made to solve the different problems that the company has. Hoping that those decisions would give a positive result in the end, the management is also responsible for any negative result that their decisions may give. Decision making is never easy. It takes a lot of patience, teamwork and courage to come up with a set of strategies that the company will use. Certain decisions are made for one department only and some are for the whole company. Either way, they still give a big effect to the overall performance of the organization. Since that decision making is very crucial, there are still some companies that made their way in doing and implementing the best decision strategies that helped their company to be the best that it can. On the other hand, not all companies shares the benefits of a good decision implementation as there are some companies that also shares the effect of a bad decision implementation made by their top management. Approach Governance Governing is a process of implementing decisions, rules and regulations in a group of people. Its concept has been widely used by companies to make their workers comply a set of agreed actions that were done and ordered by the management. The management’s ways of doing rules and policies has a big effect in a company’s performance as a whole. As decision making is vital to a company, the management should be equipped with the knowledge of how they are going to make their decisions every day. Study of Good and Bad Governance Good Governance Good governance will surely give benefits to the company, employees, customers and suppliers. Its implemented decisions had considered the characteristics of Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Orientation, Equity and Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Efficiency and Accountability that if complied well, it will bring good feedbacks and result to the company. Bad Governance Mismanagement has always been a problem in all companies which is a start of bad governance. Bad governance emerges when conflict rises among people who are involved in the company. It includes conflict of interest, political issues among members of the company, social problems, discrimination, lack of participation and more. When employees or the people concerned to the company starts to ask questions about the decision of the company’s management, then there is an unclear part in that certain decisions being implemented that employees do not understand or agreed. How to cite A Study of Corporate Failures, Papers

The Importance of Conflict Resolution in a Group free essay sample

Conflict resolution is an important skill that can be beneficial and lead to a greater understanding of our fellow man and our common denominators. It is through conflict resolution that we can learn to work together for the greater good. Conflict resolution is an important part of working in a team. Different aspects of conflict include a brief history, types of conflict, mediation, negotiation, arbitration and how to deal with conflict constructively. Conflict will arise in our everyday lives. It is how we deal with conflict that defines us, Conflict Resolution and Its Impact in the Academic World Conflict resolution is an important part of working in a team whether in an academic or professional setting. Conflict is an inescapable part of our everyday lives. When people from different backgrounds, ages and mindsets work together, the potential for disagreement is always present. Being able to constructively manage conflict is now considered as an inevitable part of management (Elsayed-Elkhouly, 1996). Conflict can have positive affects depending on how the inflict is managed. Teaching constructive conflict resolution is extremely important (Johnson Johnson, 1995). Different types of conflict resolution include creating a cooperative context, using academic controversy in the classroom, teaching students to negotiate the conflict, exercising diplomacy, and finally, the arbitration of student conflicts Monsoons Johnson, 1995). Conflict resolution skills are needed to deal with conflicts constructively, objectively and diplomatically (Learning Team Toolkit, n. ). History of Conflict Resolution Now that the job market has become more competitive, the ability to work operatively and constructively with peers and supervisors becomes as important as academic knowledge and skills. In the sasss and sasss the peace movement was in place and conflict resolution was born (Thomas, 1992). Society found it a more expeditious, humane and less expensive, alternative method to the court system (Thomas, 1992). An educator named Morton Deutsche laid down the basic ideas for conflict resolution programs arguing that academic institutions should not avoid or eliminate conflict, but encourage effective controversy (Deutsche, 1973). In 1972 the first academic conflict resolution plan was set up in New York City. Since 1 980 a larger number of community based conflict resolution groups have increased, and many of them support school and academic based conflict resolution programs Monsoons, 1995).Nowadays there are a huge number of conflict resolution programs in public schools in the united States (Johnson, 1994). Why it is important With violent incidents like those in Littleton, Colorado and Springfield, Oregon, the publics concern for safety in public school is at an all time high. It has been consistently shown that the more conflict resolution techniques are used in the academic environment and curriculum, the less violence is seen Sherman, 2002).There is also a noted enhancement of student s social and emotional development and a major improvement in classroom management as well (Sherman, 2002). All those attending school need to know how to manage conflict if they are to become successful members of the academic community and society as a whole. Many instructors and educators believe that competence in controversies, such as resolution skills, can lead to increased social and academic skills thus creating a more harmonious world (Johnson, 1995).It seems that many young adults are not learning conflict resolution skills at mom, as shown by the increase of violence in the academic setting. This is a prime example of why conflict resolution programs are imperative in the classroom. When in a school setting, students resolving disputes amongst themselves free up the instructor to help students with academic pursuits (Johnson, 1995). Conflict resolution can have considerable value if managed in the correct way It stands to reason that it is not whether the conflict occurs, but more importantly, in what manner it is contended with.Some of the benefits derived from conflict resol ution include an increased incentive to change, eighteen awareness of if a problem exists, and how to rectify it. Also, a higher quality of decision making, greater sense of caring commitment and community has been shown as a result of participation in conflict resolution techniques (Deutsche, 1987). Conflict resolution programs increase commitment to making solutions work, and enhance communication skills, cognitive skills and problem solving skills (Essayed Keyhole, 1996).Conflict resolution skills are needed to deal with conflicts constructively Some of the skills needed to constructively deal with conflicts include auteur language, active listening, identifying and understanding distinct points of view, identifying problems and understanding negotiating and mediating disputes. (Sherman, 2002). Conflict resolution is a constructive approach to inter-group conflicts and allows those with opposing ideas to work together to arrive at a mutually acceptable compromise (Sherman, 2002).Usually conflict resolution groups fall into two categories: programs in which the parties work among themselves to settle the disagreement, and programs with a third party (mediator) to help the disputants end their disagreement (Sherman, 2002). Types of Conflict Conflict in a classroom setting usually occurs because of controversy, conceptual conflicts, conflicts of interest and developmental conflicts. Controversy happens when one persons or groups information, conclusions, and opinions are not compatible with another persons or groups (Johnson Johnson, 1995).If managed properly this will lead to high quality decision making (Johnson Johnson, 1995). Conceptual conflict is when incompatible ideas exist at the same time in his or her head. For example: when conflicting information is received and when arguments and ideas are incongruent with hat one already thinks and believes (Johnson Johnson, 1995). Conflicts of interests happen when one persons actions work to benefit their own needs and goals and interfere with another maximizing their goals.This can also occur for a wide range of social and relationship issues: when two can not see eye to eye based on their existing values and beliefs (Johnson Johnson, 1995). Developmental conflicts can occur; for example: when working with an adult and a child, based on stability and change as the child grows and develops cognitively and s ocially. It can also occur when one person or group as developed in different areas from another. A conflict can be as simple as a disagreement to as serious as a war (Johnson Johnson, 1994). There are many different conflict styles.One method suggests there are five main types: avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration. Usually these styles are determined by personal and the groups styles and goals (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). Avoidance happens when one does not want to deal with conflict. They will change the subject, not bring up any issue they think may be controversial and sometimes pretend a conflict does not exist even if it does (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). This style can be turned into a negative because issues throughout life will need to be addressed.Avoidance can heighten tension in a group setting and most importantly avoiding a conflict will never truly make it go away (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D. ). This avoidance style can be turned into a positive and used appropriately if: the issued is really not that important to you; other group members are already add resting and taking action on the same issues; you need time to address it because you are emotional; and if the situation would be dangerous or detrimental to address Learning Team Toolkit, n. D).Accommodation is when one gives too much to give to the needs of the group. Usually people that have this style have a strong desire to be liked and wanted. They want this so badly that they will often give in to the group even if more ideas would benefit the group as a whole (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). This style can have negative affects because any one who accommodates all the time will have less influence, control, power, and all around be less of a necessity to the team as a whole (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). Accommodation can also be turned into a positive if: you may be wrong bout the issue or have not completely made up your mind; if you can tell the issue is really important to another group member, but not that important to you; or if you can tell no matter what you do, the rest of the group will not agree with you (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). Competition conflict style happens when a member is worried more about themselves then the group as a whole. These people want to win and are the type of people that can never admit that they are wrong (Learning Team Toolkit, n. . ). This style can have serious detrimental effects because it can cause group members to be come Winners and losers. This style can cause hostility, resentment, and can damage relationships in the group (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D. ). Competitive conflict style can be useful if: it is an issue that is important to you; if there is an emergency or an issue that requires action fast; if it is a serious issue that could have negative or harmful effects; or if the group is doing something that is illegal or unethical (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D).Compromise conflict style is when one lets go of some goals to get others. This person is often looking for a middle ground, thinking that by everyone giving up something, that things will be fair. The problem with that is that everyone only ends up half satisfied (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). This style should be used for certain situations such as: when the team is not making any progress to a reasonable negotiation, when there is a deadline or not enough time to resolve the conflict in any other way and if no other way of resolving the conflict is present (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D).Collaboration conflict style looks for the goals that will benefit both themselves and the whole group. Collaboration really promotes working as a team and uses each team members talents (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). The main problem with this style is that it takes a lot of energy and time, and all group members must actively participate (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D. ). This style is maximized when: a solution is needed that suits each group member; there is enough time, and new ideas are needed (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). A well known model for analyzing how to approach a conflict is called, The ors Method. The OR method is well known because it works at analyzing the conflict in the particular situation (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D. ). The ors are: reasons, reactions, results, and resolutions (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D. . Reasons that the conflict are happening are important to figure out the core issues (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). Reactions from team members while working on a goal say a lot. How the group reacts to each other is important. It is by analyzing how the group reacts that a more constructive environment can be created (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D. ).Results of the teams current practices and actions while working towards the goal will show whether or not their way is working. The end result that the team is working for is also an important consideration for anyone involved in a conflict (Learning Team Toolkit, n. ). Resolutions can come from different methods of conflict resolution. The main goal in conflict resolution is to eventually resolve the conflict (McCabe, 2005). The A-E-I-O-IS Method (citation needed here) is a tool set up to help groups communicate clearly: A- Assume the other members mean well. E- Express your feelings.I- Identify what you would like to happen. O Outcomes you expect are made clear IS- understanding on a mutual basis is achieved When all these steps are completed a group can have a successful approach to conflict management (Learning Team Toolkit, n. D). Mediation, Negotiation and Arbitration If students can not negotiate a constructive resolution to their conflicts, often mediating will take place (Johnson Johnson, 1995). Mediating means ending the hostilities, making a commitment to mediate fairly and making an agreement on the end results (Deutsche, 1973).Mediation is an alternative to the disciplinary programs used in the past in most schools (Johnson Johnson, 1995). The mediating part of conflict management is taught to give students the skill of regulating their own behavior. They are then able to resolve conflict in interpersonal affairs constructively (Johnson Johnson, 1995). Usually arbitration is the last resort in an academic environment; because the reason instructors have students work in learning teams is to create the skills that will make the student ready to be a leader and a contributing member to work place teams (Learning Team Toolkit, n. ). It is usually only when student mediation fails that an instructor will intervene in the matter and listen to both sides of the situation to make a decision on who is right or wrong Monsoons Johnson, 1995). Another reason that this is a last resort is because it can leave one side sore, resentful and angry towards whoever the arbitrator is. Further, it does not really teach the student how to deal with conflicts that will happen to them after they leave the academic institution (Johnson Johnson, 1995).Conclusion Conflict resolution skills should be a fundamental part of every schools curriculum (Deutsche, 1973). The history of conflict resolution, types of conflict and types of resolution are important to resolving conflicts. Conflict will occur in our everyday lives. It is how we deal with the conflict that defines us. Students need to know how to constructively resolve conflicts to become responsible members of academic institutions, the repressions world and society as a whole (Deutsche, 1987). Conflict resolution skills should be a fundamental part of every schools curriculum (Deutsche, 1973).

Thenile Essay Example For Students

Thenile Essay Without the Nile, the great Egyptian back in the Ancient Times would have been nothing, except for an empire filled with sand. But the gods were with Egypt that time, and gave Egypt the only hope of surviving The Nile River. The Nile is the longest river on Earth. But now Egypt has started developing and changing, let alone mention that it is worldwide known. In Egypt, people have both adapted to their environment and changed their environment. One thing the Egyptians havent changed much is the Nile River. After they found out that farming could not be done in deserts, they soon found a use for the Nile River. They started farming there, realizing that there was fertile land by the river. Unfortunately, there was not enough land for more than 53,153,000 people, so they adapted to it, and started to use diesel pumps, to lift irrigation water from the Nile. Since they were too tired to cultivate land all day long, they took camels, buffaloes, goats, and cattle for granted, and used the m for cultivating land. Every year, they lay more pipes ; dig more ditches to reach water. A very important change the Egyptians have done is that they discovered that the Nile could also be a power source for hydroelectricity. Soon after, the Aswan High Dam was built up. The Egyptians also built the Suez Canal, the most important canal in the world; it helps ships sail to Asia from Europe in a fast way. Bibliography:Encarta We will write a custom essay on Thenile specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Days of the Week in Italian Vocabulary

Days of the Week in Italian Vocabulary What day is the market open? And what day does the post office close early? What day of the week do you want to go to Chianti? Besides being able to tell the time, in order to figure out when to go to events and hang out with friends, you’ll need to know the days of the week in Italian. Whether you’re reviewing the vocabulary or you’re learning it for the first time, below you’ll find useful examples for everyday conversations along with cocktail party facts so you can better understand the culture. DAYS OF THE WEEK - I GIORNI DELLA SETTIMANA Monday - lunedà ¬Tuesday - martedà ¬Wednesday - mercoledà ¬Thursday - giovedà ¬Friday - venerdà ¬Saturday - sabatoSunday - domenica Notice how the first letter of the day of the week isn’t capitalized. In Italian, days of the week, months and seasons are all lowercase. Weekend - il fine settimana You can also say â€Å"il weekend.† Pronunciation Notice how there is a grave accent mark () on the vocabulary words for Monday through Friday. That accent mark lets you know where to put the stress in the word, so in this case, the stress falls on the last syllable â€Å"di.† Esempi: A: Che giorno à ¨ oggi? - What day is it today?B: Oggi à ¨ mercoledà ¬. - Today is Wednesday.Ieri era (à ¨ stato) martedà ¬. - Yesterday was Tuesday.Domani à ¨ giovedà ¬. - Tomorrow is Thursday.Il lunedà ¬ la maggior parte dei ristoranti sono chiusi. - On Mondays the majority of restaurants are closed.Il weekend il mercato à ¨ aperto. - The market is open on the weekends.Frequento le lezioni da lunedà ¬ a venerdà ¬. - I attend lessons from Monday to Friday.Parto per l’Italia sabato. - I’m leaving for Italy on Saturday.Perchà © non à ¨ ancora venerdà ¬!? - Why isn’t it Friday yet!?Sono libero venerdà ¬ sera. Ti va di andare al cinema? - I’m free Friday. Want to go to the movies?Il giorno pià ¹ bello della settimana à ¨ lunedà ¬ perchà © à ¨ l’inizio di una nuova settimana. - The greatest day of the week is Monday because it’s the start of a new week.A: Qual à ¨ il vostro giorno di riposo (di chiusura)? - When is your day o ff?B: Siamo chiusi tutte le domeniche mattina. -   Our day off is every Sunday morning. Lunedà ¬, martedà ¬, mercoledà ¬, giovedà ¬ e venerdà ¬ are INVARIABLE, so they don’t change in their plural form. Sabato e domenica, however, have a plural form when needed. (e.g.: ...i sabati; ...le domeniche.) Vado a danza tutti i lunedà ¬. - I take my dance class every Monday.La mensa rimane aperta pià ¹ a lungo le domeniche. - Dining hall stays open longer on Sundays.Ogni martedà ¬ raccolgono la carta. - Each Tuesday is paper garbage collection. Make Your Bridges for Tuesdays Thursdays When a religious festival or holiday, like Festa della Repubblica or Ognissanti, falls on a Tuesday (martedà ¬) or a Thursday (giovedà ¬), Italians oftentimes fare il ponte, which literally means to make the bridge, and figuratively means to make a four-day holiday. That means they take off the intervening Monday or Friday.

Adult Learning Theory Essay Example for Free

Adult Learning Theory Essay ? Holt (2011), it is stated that it is necessary to bring both concepts of the Bible teaching and contemporary adult learning theories together for the most effectiveness. In the Holt article; it is shown that Biblical explanation and interpretation assist the adult learner in gaining knowledge. The choices one makes gives real world perspective and power can only be obtained by the Holy Spirit. The article discusses the styles in which adult learning makes a difference, whether androgogy, transformative learning or self-directed learning (Holt). Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† discusses the goals of educators to better prepare themselves to better deal with adult learners. Over the last 15 years, learning theories have changed very aggressively (Merriam, 2008). As adults continue to develop human physiology changes, thus learning teaching styles have to change to keep up. It has been recognized that with time everything that adults experience is part of the learning process. It has been further recognized that educators have to increase their tool set to involve creative and artistic modes of teaching to reach a wider audience. Both articles cover the ever-changing dynamics of the human psyche and educational styles and requirements in dealing with adult learning. Educators have to continue to increase knowledge both for themselves as well as those whom they are educating. Where the styles of the teaching process in the Holt (2011) article differ from the Merriam (2008) article, they both recognize the changes in adult learners. It has been recognized over years and will continue for years to come that educators of adults will have to continue honing their skill sets to accommodate the learning styles of adults. Since adults learn differently from children it is important to include the learning styles necessary to maximize the efforts of educators. As adults learning styles change it will be necessary for those educating adults to change also. Reflection After reading both articles and realizing the application in my own life and learning style, I conclude that adults learn differently. There were moments of complete frustration as I was putting my thoughts together as I can tend to be somewhat of a perfectionist. I had the realization that time management and organizational skills are imperative when completing an assignment of any type. The Holt (2011) article caught my attention initially because of how I tend to study and read the Bible in particular. I am coming to understand more and more how I learn and further realize that the concepts of knowledge, choice and power are applicable in my own life. I am intrigued by the concept mentioned in the Holt article and will consider its application to my current Bible study methods. The Merriam (2008) article is interesting in the fact that I had no idea how challenging it is for educators to keep up with the learning curve that is necessary to continue teaching the increasing number of adult learners. Being out of the college environment for so long, I realize it is not as easy to just get things done with all of the demands of life as I know it. I can see how both articles and their teaching styles have a positive impact on dealing with adult learning. With all of the influences of culture, music, art, etc, it is imperative that educators find a way to keep up with the demands of educating the population of adults returning to increase their knowledge to keep up with fast paced American culture. I now have a new respect for teachers on all levels. It is interesting that adult educator’s find is so necessary to effectively reach adults. It is increasingly more common for adults to return to school for a number of reasons, and are driven to succeed for just as many reasons. Thankfully educators realize the change necessary to comprehend the goals of those adults striving for successes related to educating themselves. References Holt, R. A. (2011). Teaching that transforms: Facilitating life change through adult Bible teaching. Christian Education Journal,  8(2), 450+ Merriam, S. B. (2008). Adult learning theory for the twenty-first century. New Directions For Adult And Continuing Education, Volume 2008, Issue 119, 93-98. DOI: 10. 1002/ace. 309 Adult Learning Theory. (2018, Nov 10).

Family Therapy Modalities Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Therapy Modalities Paper - Assignment Example Generally, psychological treatments involve communication and issue of instructions to clients, but without administration of drugs. However, therapists or counselors may determine and understand situations to refer their patients to medical doctors or other forms of treatment. Individual therapy and family therapy have certain similarities and differences. Similarities Both individual and family therapies involve or base of psychological processes and procedures. The two methods do not involve administration of medical drugs or any forms of medical diagnosis. However, a therapist can recommend that a patient see a medical doctor when health condition of the given patient proves necessary (Lebow, 2014). When referred to a medical doctor, a patient receives the necessary treatment and returns to the psychologist for actual treatment. In both individual and family therapies, an individual patient attends and is usually the center of focus. Strategies and approaches designed to solve a given problem depend on the nature and condition of the given patient. Even though family members form an important part of the entire therapy in family therapy, much of focus and energy directs to the actual patient. Differences Individual therapy involves treatment of a patient when alone and in engagement with a therapist. Sessions for individual therapies do not involve any other third party besides the patient and the counselor. Family therapy on the other hand involves treatment of the patient while in company of the family members. Sessions for family therapies involve patient, family members and the counselor.

DSS VS MIS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DSS VS MIS - Coursework Example n the other hand Decision Support System (DSS) is used for establishing the correct decision established on activities, planning, forecast, management and operations. (Kersten, Mikolajuk, & Yeh, 2000, p. 41-42) Database of Decision Support System contain information from a variety of resources that includes information that was generated from various applications, data generated internally and the data extracted from external sources like Internet, etc. Size of DSS database can vary from a small standalone system to a very large datacenters managing the data requirements needs of an organization. Decision Support System’s database normally holds a backup of the production database to avoid any kind of obstruction with the normal operational systems. DSS software contains number of different analytical and mathematical models. These models are used for analyzing the complex data, in that way developing the needed information. An analytical and mathematical model forecasts the outcome on the basis of various different inputs or varying situations, or determines the outcome by combining both. A DSS may includes different models while each performing some particular function. Some of them are: (Laudon & Laudon, 2004, p. 274-275) Decision Support System has an interactive graphical user interface. This interface makes an easier interaction between the user and the DSS. The result of the analyzed data is displayed in several different forms, like table, graphical (in the form of charts), and text. Interface users and select the suitable option to view the result as per the requirements. This component works same as it does in an expert system. It presents information regarding connections between data that is excessively difficult for a database to represent. It includes the rules to facilitate possible resolution as well as another methods and solutions for assessing them. Let us assume that the some manager of a business organization who deals in products or

Designing a database for a supermarket Essay Example for Free

Designing a database for a supermarket Essay 1,1 The problem and how I discovered it- I discovered the problem when I was buying in this standard supermarket and I saw that some of the products where expired and were stale. I also noticed that some of the buyers or consumers were taking this product without knowing the consequences of them on their body. This is a picture of the supermarket. 1,2 The Business- This business is of a supermarket which is located in Alejandra del Castillo in San Fernando in the south of the Island of Gran Canaria. I was doing a survey on the supermarkets as a consumer when I discovered that some of the products were stale. I told the manager about the problem they asked me for help. 1,3 The real User- The manager is the in charge of dealing with these type of problems. Although in this case Mr.Angel, the manager is not able to find the solution to this problem. In this case I have decided to help him and to provide a better service to the customer. 1,4 The current problem and inefficient- The current main problem is that the manager or the employees arent getting to know when the food is going stale or is running out of date. Im being asked to create or to find some kind of solution to solve this major problem. There are many problems with the method that the employees are using now which is to go around checking each and every product for there date of expiry. They have been facing many problems with their method. For example: *There arent as many employees as needed for this method. *It might result a bit boring *Can produce headaches and blurry eyesight. *Different products have their expiry date stamped on a different place. This can be difficult to find. *Maybe some of the products arent visible to the employees and do not look for their expiry dates. 1,5 The manual and PC way- Manual way-This problem can be solved by making six different sections and assigning six different people to look for the expiry date. Also I would like to include that it would also make the in-charges life more easier if the products were placed in a more visible and easier accessible place so that none of the products are missed out. PC way- This method would be a lot more easier because it wouldnt include as many people as the manual way. This method consists of creating a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel. While learning I discovered a all new way of using excel. I mean that if the company creates as spreadsheet and inputs the amount of the product, the expiry date and include a photo and a brief description of the product and where it is located exactly. This would only involve one persons effort and would be a lot more efficient and would provide better services to the customers. 1,6 Objectives- *Create a Spreadsheet to solve the problem. *Create a chart showing before and after. *Create a Spreadsheet with the bar-codes and date of expiry. The date of expiry must be warned a couple of days in advance. * Use professional language. * Auto-fit values. * Dont make any errors * Check formulas TWICE * Use less staff. ANALYSE 2,1 Hardware- In my solution I will be using a LCD(Liquid Cristal Display) as an output device and a scanner or a 12,0 megapixel digital camera as an Input device, this is because I will need high resolution pictures or Photos to provide the company with the solution, i will also use a baar-code scanner to introduce the products bar-code. 2,2 Software- I am going to use Windows XP professional because its easier to use that the Windows vista and more complex than the Windows 2000 Operating System. I will be using OO(Open Office) Package so that I can provide or accomplish my solution correctly, I chose this becuse it has the same functions and options as the Microsoft Office but its free and can be downloaded easily An Anti-Virus will be required in case of any viruses are introduced into the computer Via Internet, I will choose the Kaspesky Anti-Virus because its more advanced and quicker, 2,3 Data Input- Data Type Collection Input Validation Bar-code Information Product Bar-code reader Not negative Photographs Image Internet Digital camera Not negative Graph Information Spreadsheet ToolbarTools Not negative Excel formulas Formulas User Keyboard Not negative 2,4 Data processing- 2,6 back up and security- As the Document we are doing is very important we must always remember to save it, this could save us a lot of typing because if there is a power cut documents wont get erased. We should remember to save our document every 5-10 minutes ,also we need to save it when we change or insert something manually. You should save it on your PCs desktop or in My Documents also it would be intelligent to save documents on two other or externel hard disks or send it to your own e-mail. The size of the file depends on the type, for example if it is done in excel, word or powerpoint , it would also effect the size of the document if there is facy coloured writing, outstanding writing or lots of pictures. Normally a word document of 10 -12 pages with three to four coloured pictures would weigh 294 KB (302.026 bytes), this means you would be able to save three thousand more files like this on a one gigabyte pendrive. Yes, I will set up passwords to my document incase a hacker or spammer brakes in and steals my data, this way I will be sure to have a unique solution to the problem. I can set passwords to documents by going on ToolsOptionsSecurity and set up the password. The Data Protection Act means the right to protect your own data, this is a part of legislation. We might use this because we need to consider the rights we have to protect our own typed data. IMPLEMENTATION 4,1 3 to 5 printouts with errors- -Error 1- The first error committed was that some of the pictures of the products are missing. This could lead to confusion and would seem difficult to identify the product. -Error 2- The second error was that some of the dates arent in the correct format. The Dash to separate the day from the month and year are missing. -Error 3- The last error made was that the currency wasnt in a correct format, some of the values were in euros and others were in pesetas. 4,2 Screenshots I will be creating 2 graphs, one to represent the number of products expired and the number of products close to expiry. It will look like this It will be a pie chart on the top left corner with a 3D look and the key on the left. This graph will tell the user the number of products close to expiry, this will warn the staff to put the product close to expiry in the front in order to sell it soon and it wont expire. The second graph in the spreadsheet will present the number of products expired. The bars will be in pyramid shape and with a 3D look, it will be on the left hand corner. The key will be on the right and the pyramids will be dark blue. It will be from A1 to D25.They will be dark blue. This is a new and a very effective method as it shows that lots of products are expiring and it warns the user to take a step forward in order to prevent the cheese expiring. The spreadsheet will have a main, the first one is to link to sheet two and the other one to sheet three. I have added the company logo. It will have a title in bold and underlined and an attractive backgound. I have included images to identify the product correctly. This could help the staff to find the product which is close to its expiry. I have added a button to change colour to red. This is a macro. 4,3 Test Results I have checked all spellings so that no mistakes or errors are made. Also it makes the spreadsheet look more professional and gives a good impression. It gives a high influence on reader and gives a professional feeling, I have included images of the product and i have also compared them to the original product in the supermarket so that the products look and are the same and this way if the name is typed incorrectly at least the employee can look for it and correct its name. I will be including the bar-code because it will de easier lo identify the product and also a mobile phone or a cordless bar-code reader can read it easily. This would make work a lot faster because more employees can scan the products at once. The number of products has been counted and double checked. Also there is a column showing how many articles there are and the days left for their expiry. An IF formula has been created to warn the incharge if there is a product with less than 2 days left for 4,4 Objectives I have created a spreadsheet to deal with the problem I have created a chart showing the before and after. I have included dates of expiry. EVALUATION 5,1 Objectives accomplished- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Use fewer employees à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Create a graph showing the number of products expired before and after the method. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Create a spreadsheet à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Create at least to graphs with examples showing products expired on the spreadsheet. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Use spell-check to check spellings. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Create a main menu to graphs on the spreadsheet. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Include product images à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Include dates of expiry and days left. I did use fewer employees because this method used to deal with the problem only needs employee to type in the data and possible two others to re-check dates of expiry. I did not create a graph showing the number of products expired before and after the method used to deal with the problem but instead I created a table showing this data because it is easier to find information. I confirm that I have created a spreadsheet to deal with this problem. I have created two graphs, one showing the number of products expired and the days left for expiry and the second one showing the name of the product and the number of them expired. I have used spell-check in my solution my gathering all data and pressing F7. This function uses the dictionary on the computer and corrects any errors. My spreadsheet has a main menu linking to graphs on other sheets. I did this by the hyperlink option under the insert option. I have included product images but they have been collected from the internet and arent accurate and therefore not reliable. 5,2 Test- 1. Do you think the objective number 1 has been accomplished properly? vv 2.Is the solution correct? 3.Is the layout or format correct? 4.Do you think the objectives could be improved? Or if others could be added and which? 5. Is the idea of the images correct? 6.Would it be a good idea to highlight formulas? 7.Which of the objectives do you think are invalid? 8. Which of the methods used to accomplish objectives could be improved? 9.Do you accept that it would be a better idea to create a graph rather than a table showing the products expired? 10. Do you think that the images should be taken of the actual product and not the internet? 5,3 I could improve I think that if I took the actual photo of the product it would be more reliable as it is taken of the actual article and maybe the internet gives the incorrect picture which could lead to confusion and problems. It would also be better if I check the spelling using a dictionary rather that the computers dictionary as word feed into it might be incorrect and mean something else.

The Seriousness of in Shakespeares Comedy of Errors Essay -- Shakespe

The Seriousness of The Comedy of Errors      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Comedy of Errors has often been dismissed as a mere farce, unworthy of any serious attention. Yet, when the author is Shakespeare, even a "farce" is well worth a second look. Shakespeare himself may have takent his comedic work quite seriously, for audiences expected comedy of his day not only to entertain, but also to morally instruct. It is not surprising, therefore, that for one of his earliest comedies, Shakespeare found a model in the plays of Plautus and Terence, which were studied in all Elizabethan Grammar Schools, praised by schoolmasters, and critically respectable. (Muir 3)    The Menaechmi was the first Plautus play to appear in translation, and was a popular school text (Muir 16). Amphitruo, the second Plautus play informing The Comedy of Errors, was available in English translation by 1562-63, and was similarly taught (Miola 22). Plautus and Terence texts served the schools not as entertainment, but as teaching tools for literature and both oral Latin and vernacular languages. Schoolmasters even used prepared study guides to the plays in their instruction:    The academic approbation of Roman comedy in the Renaissance was largely a linguistic, rhetorical, and didactic enterprize: commentators provided lexical and metrical information, expository paraphrase, grammatical analysis, explanatory notes, classical cross references, and the identification of rhetorical figures. (Miola 4) Richard Bernard, for example, translator of the first complete bilingual edition of Terence, organized from the text a helpful list of Formulae loquendi (phrases useful for Latin conversation) and Sententiae (wise sayings) to accompany each scene (Muir 4). If no w... ...owever, indicates that Shakespeare meant The Comedy of Errors to provide more than just a good laugh.       Works Cited and Consulted    * Brockett, Oscar G. History of the Theatre. Fifth ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1987. * Epstein, Norris. The Friendly Shakespeare. New York: Viking, 1993. * Miola, Robert S. Shakespeare and Classical Comedy: The Influence of Plautus and Terence. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. * Muir, Kenneth. Shakespeare's Comic Sequence. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1979. * Riehle, Wolfgang. Shakespeare, Plautus, and the Humanist Tradition. Cambridge: Brewer, 1990. * Shaheen, Naseeb. Biblical References in Shakespeare's Comedies. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1993. * Shakespeare, William. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans, et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974.  Ã‚   The Seriousness of in Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors Essay -- Shakespe The Seriousness of The Comedy of Errors      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Comedy of Errors has often been dismissed as a mere farce, unworthy of any serious attention. Yet, when the author is Shakespeare, even a "farce" is well worth a second look. Shakespeare himself may have takent his comedic work quite seriously, for audiences expected comedy of his day not only to entertain, but also to morally instruct. It is not surprising, therefore, that for one of his earliest comedies, Shakespeare found a model in the plays of Plautus and Terence, which were studied in all Elizabethan Grammar Schools, praised by schoolmasters, and critically respectable. (Muir 3)    The Menaechmi was the first Plautus play to appear in translation, and was a popular school text (Muir 16). Amphitruo, the second Plautus play informing The Comedy of Errors, was available in English translation by 1562-63, and was similarly taught (Miola 22). Plautus and Terence texts served the schools not as entertainment, but as teaching tools for literature and both oral Latin and vernacular languages. Schoolmasters even used prepared study guides to the plays in their instruction:    The academic approbation of Roman comedy in the Renaissance was largely a linguistic, rhetorical, and didactic enterprize: commentators provided lexical and metrical information, expository paraphrase, grammatical analysis, explanatory notes, classical cross references, and the identification of rhetorical figures. (Miola 4) Richard Bernard, for example, translator of the first complete bilingual edition of Terence, organized from the text a helpful list of Formulae loquendi (phrases useful for Latin conversation) and Sententiae (wise sayings) to accompany each scene (Muir 4). If no w... ...owever, indicates that Shakespeare meant The Comedy of Errors to provide more than just a good laugh.       Works Cited and Consulted    * Brockett, Oscar G. History of the Theatre. Fifth ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1987. * Epstein, Norris. The Friendly Shakespeare. New York: Viking, 1993. * Miola, Robert S. Shakespeare and Classical Comedy: The Influence of Plautus and Terence. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. * Muir, Kenneth. Shakespeare's Comic Sequence. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1979. * Riehle, Wolfgang. Shakespeare, Plautus, and the Humanist Tradition. Cambridge: Brewer, 1990. * Shaheen, Naseeb. Biblical References in Shakespeare's Comedies. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1993. * Shakespeare, William. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans, et al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974.  Ã‚  

Consequences of Bullying

It is a common thought that bullying is a normal stage of childhood, but more than a part of growth is a violent act that nowadays has taken place in many schools around the world. However, studies show that this issue would bring big consequences to all the factors involved on it; bullying can cause more than negative academic, physical, social, emotional, and psychological consequences on victims and bullies. These consequences can be short-term or long-term. Bullying can also greatly affect the overall climate of a school. On the first place, as a result of being bullied, victims may experience different and immediate mental and physical health related consequences. They may present a higher level of anxiety, and longer spaces of sadness, also some sleeping difficulties, head and stomach ache, and above all these, victims may present a very low self-esteem. Researchers from Finland discovered that victims are more likely than bullies to suffer from anxiety disorders, such as depression, separation anxiety, panic disorder, among others. Also, this psychological stress can cause victims' bodies to be less resistant to disease and infection, and therefore they may get sick more often. In the social area, is hard to victims to have friends in general because of their high anxiety level and low self-esteem, for this reason they have just a few friends or none at all. This may lead to feelings of isolation and believing that they are not even worthy of having friends. Also, other kids often do not want to become friends with the victims, because they are afraid that they will be bullied as well. Another reason that other kids do not hang around with victims is because they worry that peers will not like them if they associate with the victims; those feelings of loneliness and sadness presented on victims can also lead to consequences related to their learning and school success, the victim might present poor school attendance because in many case they may become afraid of going to school and many activities at school, for this reason students often receive lower grades due to attendance problems, and also due to their stress and concern. The victims in general become obsessed with the bullying and how to try to avoid it. This leaves them no time, energy, or concern for schoolwork and learning. A vicious cycle can occur because the victim's poor school performance can lead to embarrassment and anxiety, which can in turn cause them to be picked on even more. Another possible result of being bullied is that the victims may become violent, either at the time of the bullying or in their futures. This violent behavior may be focused toward themselves, toward their school in general, or may even be directed as revenge toward the bullies themselves. Sometimes that violent behavior can lead to a higher level of bullying towards the victim, as the bullies would want revenge on the victim for bullying them. It is believed by experts and researchers on Finland that some of the school shootings are related to bullying. Students who committed school shootings were over two times as likely to have reported that they were victims of bullying. In some cases the bullying may become brutal on extreme and last for so long time that the victims may present thoughts of suicide, or in some cases the victim actually commits suicide on secret, because not even their families believe the issues that the child was living. On the other hand we have the bullies; children who bully others also experience several short term and long term consequences of their bullying behavior. They are more likely to get involved in harmful activities, both as a child and as an adult. While they are still young, they may steal or vandalize property, start or join in on physical fights, become injured in a fight, skip school, carry a weapon in order to scare others, or use alcohol and other drugs. They are also five times more likely to be taken to criminal court and to be found guilty of a crime than are their peers who do not participate in bullying behavior. Most of bullies do not overcome that violent behavior when they get older. Instead, the aggressiveness continues through adulthood. Also, the bullies may be four or more times as likely as non-bullies to be involved in numerous convictions of crimes. The bullies in general develop a necessity for power that is carried into their adult years. As adults, these bullies abuse of this power by being involved in sexual and racial harassment, child abuse, domestic violence, etc. Their need for power can also show up in how they parent their own children. In turn, their children may even bully other children in the future. In some cases bullies tend to have an antisocial personality disorder as opposed to anxiety disorders. An antisocial personality disorder involves a long-term disregard for others, delinquent behavior, violence, aggression, and violation of the rights of others. In other words, since bullies do not learn appropriate social skills when they are young, they grow up to be antisocial adults. They will have poor relationships with others, including family members, friends, and co-workers, among others. Finally victims aren't the only ones who may become depressed, think about suicide, or carry out suicide; in some cases, the same can be true for bullies. To conclude, it is important to notice that all these signs, which may not be present in the moment, would cause awful consequences to every part of this issue in the future and is not something that may be taken easily, on the contrary, must be treated carefully to help as much students as can be taken out of that, for those results presented before, we must stay alert at the sight of them and not blinding ourselves, in order to avoid the involvement of more students in the future.

Oppressive Qualities of Society

The Oppressive Qualities of Society Society’s oppressive nature greatly affects the lives of the people within it, and the expectations society sets for its citizens drive people to strive for acceptance from their peers. In â€Å"A Respectable Woman,† Mrs. Baroda, a young wife, who tries diligently to welcome her husband’s friend Gouvernail into their society, becomes enthralled with him, facing temptation that would be viewed with trepidation.Similarly, in â€Å"A Shameful Affair,† Mildred, a repressed young woman, enticed by a farmhand, faces temptation and forced to fight her personal desires because of society’s restriction based on class hierarchy. In â€Å"The Kiss,† a woman sets aside her personal desire for the image she believes society desires the most in a marriage. In her short stories, Kate Chopin illustrates contrasting imagery and intense and tempting diction to convey that society dictates people’s decisions because pe ople worry about their portrayal in society and are forced to concede their personal desires.Society’s expectations tend to reflect an ideal role, and because of this expectation society’s restrictions bind people because of their fear of an unjust portrayal in it. Society expects women to act as loving and caring mothers devoted to their children while their husband. For example, â€Å"A Respectable Woman,† when Mrs. Baroda welcomes her husband’s friend Gouvernail, she â€Å"imposed her society upon him . . . she persistently sought to penetrate the reserve in which he had unconsciously enveloped himself† (213).Chopin’s use of intense diction such as â€Å"imposed† which denotes a forcibly placed restriction, and â€Å"persistently† which denotes a tenacious behavior despite of initial opposition, suggests society’s strict expectation for woman to gracefully welcome others in their society by imposing those expected ide als on other people. Mrs. Borada’s diligence in welcoming Gouvernail becomes an infatuation when she becomes entranced by his stoic behavior towards her. The heavily stressed importance society places on material objects transferred to the expectations women believe they should strive to.For example, Nathalie coerces Brantain to become her fiance despite her desire for another, because he â€Å"was enormously rich; and she liked . . . the entourage which wealth could give her† (225). Chopin’s use of intense diction such as â€Å"enormous,† which has a denotation of grand, suggests the importance of material objects in society. She reveals how the desire for material objects taints the view of marriage, because of how the status that accompanies them is easily accepted in this materialistic society. These expectations that society sets forth tend to dictate the decisions of women.People’s choices depend on what is acceptable because individuals rema in more concerned with the image they portray to society than their personal desires. For example, when Gouvernail goes outside to bring Mrs. Baroda a sweater, she feels drawn to him, but â€Å"the stronger the impulse grew to bring herself near him the further . . . did she draw away† (215). Chopin’s use of passionate diction such as â€Å"impulse,† which contains a denotation of a strong urge, conveys the inner conflict that arises when a woman’s personal desire clashes with what she believes is right according to society.In contrast, when Mildred is fishing with the farmhand, â€Å"his brown hand came down upon Mildred’s white one,† (165). Chopin illustrates the differences between Mildred and the farmhand, with Mildred’s â€Å"white one† conveying that she is pure and innocent, while the farmhand’s remains roughened and tanned by the labor he is forced to perform due to his role in society. Furthermore, Mildredâ€⠄¢s withdrawal from something she clearly desires shows how she is forced to choose her image in society over he own desires. Women in society must ignore their impulses because harsh and unfair consequences await them if they do not conform.Lastly, despite the suppression of women’s desires, they are still forced to face consequences for their tempting thoughts. For example, after the farmhand kissed Mildred she realizes that â€Å"the secret must remain her own, a hateful burden to bear alone† (166). Chopin’s use of harsh diction such as â€Å"hateful† and â€Å"burden† conveys society’s negative view on personal desires such as Mildred’s attraction to the â€Å"Offender,† or the farmhand, while â€Å"alone† portrays a tone of alienation to suggest the idea that if she were to pursue her desires, then society would scorn her.Even when people try to ignore their desires in lieu of an image they fight to portray to socie ty, they are still left to suffer. For instance, when Nathalie is married, she expects to receive the wealth and position in society because of her convenient marriage while also having what she truly desires out of society’s view, yet she learns that â€Å"a person can’t have everything in this world† (227). Chopin’s figure of speech, that people can’t have everything, conveys the idea that loss will exist no matter a person’s decision because they cannot have â€Å"everything,† and will be forced to choose between their desires and those of society.No matter how hard a person tries to escape the ridicule of society they still face the pain of loss and suffering because of suppressed desires. Fitting in is a controversial topic within society. No matter the change in era or the region people occupy, the desire to be deemed acceptable lives strong within everybody. In Chopin’s short stories she illustrates contrasting imagery a nd intense and tempting diction to suggest that society’s strict expectations influence the decisions of women because they are more worried about how they are portrayed to society then complying with their desires.

Hall, Stuart. Introduction Who Needs Identity Questions of Cultural Identity.

Hall, Stuart. Introduction Who Needs Identity Questions of Cultural Identity. Stuart Hall focuses on a very important issue concerning identity. The issue has been considered by many thinkers and there is no single answer to the question raised by Hall: who does need ‘Identity’? Hall claims that to answer this question it is necessary to analyze such notion as â€Å"identification† (2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hall, Stuart. â€Å"Introduction: Who Needs ‘Identity’?† Questions of Cultural Identity. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hall states that identification is people’s ability to recognize â€Å"some common origin or shared characteristics with another person or group† (2). The author also mentions that this process is quite subjective and it is nearly impossible to find a perfect fit. Nonetheless, the concept of identification perfectly fits the concept of identity. Hall also claims that identity is subjected to many changes th at take place in the course of time. Therefore, it is essential to analyze identities with respect to historical development of societies (Hall 4). Thus, the researcher defines identities as people’s positions which they choose trying to fit the group, though they understand that there can be no perfect match and it is fine to differ somehow (Hall 6). Hall also analyzes several points of view and focuses on Foucault viewpoint. Hall claims that Foucault’s explanation of identity is too narrow (13). Hall states that it is important to theorize the notion of identity to make it more applicable. Thus, the researcher refers to Butler’s ideas concerning identity (Hall 15). Hall stresses that Butler developed her understanding of identity in terms of feminism, sexuality and self-identity. Nonetheless, Hall claims that Butler’s idea that identity is based on exclusion is not delusive as some could think. Hall also states that issues concerning identity and theori zing identity are yet to be solved. To sum up, Hall reveals the importance of theorizing ‘identity’ which will lead to deeper understanding of the processes and factors that affect identities. Major arguments As has been mentioned above, Hall provides a definition of identity and focuses on theoretical issues concerning identity. However, Hall still claims that it is important to understand what identity (or identification) is. Hall also articulates the importance of identities in the contemporary world. Likewise, such authors as Nakayama, Tanno or Hedge claim that the notion of identity is one of the most important in the modern world (Gonzalez et al.). It goes without saying that the authors mentioned above focus on the practical side.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They focus on people’s attempts to find their places in this world. However, the major point of works by Hall, Nakayama, Tanno or Hedge is as follows: issues concerning identity should be analyzed so that people could easily find the most suitable positions. Admittedly, this idea is very important in terms of Communication Studies. The study concentrates on people’s communication. Diversity is one of the most important issues in this respect. Obviously, it is important to understand what factors influence people’s identities. It is essential to know which positions people tend to occupy and why. It is necessary to understand how people identify themselves. All this will help researchers to understand how people interact and communicate with others. Gonzalez, Alberto, Marsha Houston, and Victoria Chen. Our Voices: Essays in Culture, Ethnicity, and Communication. New York, NY: Roxbury Publishing Company, 2003. Print. Hall, Stuart. â€Å"Introduction: Who Needs ‘Identity’?† Questions of Cultural Identity. Eds. Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd., 1996. 1-17. Print.

Reform Movement paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reform Movement paper - Essay Example Contemporary math and science teaching is now focused on children's psychological development that allows for the alignment of their learning capacities. In enabling an easier understanding of math concepts, the teacher must elicit, build upon, connect student knowledge, and be able to build learning paths and networks of knowledge in the classroom (Treaqust, 1996). A constructivist idea in learning math and science is what is being introduced by reform movements in both subject matters. The reform movements gave way to efforts pertaining to investigating students' conceptions, improving teaching and curricula, and enhancing teacher education in science and mathematics contexts (Treaqust, 1996). Unlike the traditional manner of teaching math and science, attention to math and science curricula was not emphasized, as well as concretizing students' learning. A post-modern conception of teaching math and science through concrete objects that facilitate formation of abstract concepts was developed.

To what extent was Llywelyn ap Gruffydds political misjudgement Essay

To what extent was Llywelyn ap Gruffydds political misjudgement responsible for the downfall of the Welsh Principality in 1277 - Essay Example Llywelyn entered the governance of Wales in 1258 and he started soon to expand his power over the country through the achievement of a series of victories in the battles developed across England – British have been since the appearance of this country – Wales – extremely hostile towards the people that are originated in the specific region. In order to understand the responsibility of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd for the downfall of Wales in 1277 it is necessary to present primarily a series of details regarding the presence of Llywelyn in the throne of Wales and his main strategic decisions in order to protect the country from potential conquerors. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd has been characterized as a powerful monarch who has based his power on his military successes across the country. Despite his achievements in the field of battles had been considerable, his ability to govern the country can be doubted. The research on the particular issue proved that Llywelyn has been a competent leader but with limited diplomacy skills; this fact has probable caused to the increase of hostility against him by the majority of politicians in Wales at that particular period of time (the term ‘politician’ in this case should be related with the political and social power of certain people, i.e. of their ability to influence the polit ical decisions in the country). Llywelyn ap Gruffudd – who is also known as Llewely the Last or as ‘Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf’ was ‘one of the four sons of Gruffydd, the illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great’ (Wales Online, 2004, online article). He was born in 1228 and he died in 1282 and has been the last prince of Wales. In 1258 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd became the prince of Wales; his high ambitions regarding the conquest of territories and the expansion of his power soon led to the increase of hostility between Llywelyn and the rest Welsh princes. Llywelyn should have tried to

Subprime Mortgage Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subprime Mortgage Crisis - Essay Example However, what was more innovative in this whole episode is the fact that banks in order to hedge themselves against the high risk lending through secrutization. Securitization is a process of bundling or pooling the non-liquid assets into marketability securities. The idea is to recoup the liquidity lost through the sanctioning and disbursement of the loans to subprime borrowers.(Hunton & Williams LLP,2005). There are various ways through which the securitization can take place. Most of the times, financial institutions did so by creating Special Purpose Vehicles in order to enjoy off-balance sheet accounting not only to strenghten their balance sheets but keep the garbage out of it. The problem started when the subprime borrowers started to default on their repayments. These defaults created a chain reaction of events which first overtook the banks but subsequently created further economic problems for the economy. The above graphical representation suggests the two traditional models of the mortgages and how default in both the models can trigger further damage.1 Technically subprime mortgages become a problem when at the default of the payments by the borrowers; financial institutions face a mismatch in the cash flows. As defined earlier that most of the financial institutions attempted to regain the lost liquidity through securitization by creating mortgage backed securities to match the cash inflows from the mortgage payments with the cash outflows from the payments to be made against those mortgage backed securities. When the inflows stopped due to default by the subprime borrowers, financial institutions, in order to keep their ratings intact, started to pay out for their obligations out of other resources. This than started to create a credit crunch in the economy as those resources which were technically should have been used in more productive resources were being utilized in repaymen t of the mortgage backed securities. Thus the available credit to the organizations and firms decreased and hence their output and productivity level started to decrease which slowly and steadily put pressure on various other economic pressures and hence started one of the worst economic crisis of the century. It is believed that the subprime mortgage in United States stand at almost $1.3 trillion however it only comprises a small portion of the US GDP and many believe that at such small magnitude level, it may not impact the US economy as such. (Ramady, 2008). The future seems to be more bleak as one half to two thirds of the subprime loans are Adjustable rate mortgages means that the interest rates on those mortgages are going to increase when they fall due therefore there are estimations that more defaults are yet to come as at higher interest rates, the subprime borrowers may face further hardships to payback their due installments therefore it is feared that crisis are going to further aggravate rather than subside until and unless Federal Reserve Board (FED) does not

Case Study Australia's Airline Industry Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Australia's Airline Industry - Case Study Example This enabled virgin Blue to grow rapidly and became the second largest domestic airline carrier in Australia. Air New Zealand on the other than, is a flag carrier and one of the national airline companies located in Auckland, New Zealand; This airline operates a number of scheduled flights to 24 international and 26 domestic destinations in 15 countries across Europe, Oceanic, Asia and America. It is a member of the star global Alliance having joined in the year 1999. It was originally known as Tasman Empire Airways Limited; where the government of Australia was in ownership by the year 1965. Latter the name changed to Air New Zealand as it is called today. It operates along haul fleet consisting of Boeing 747,767,777 as well as Airbus A320 aircraft on international routes. Qantas airline is one of the Australian airlines based in Sydney Australia. This airline is the oldest continuously operating airline in the whole world. Currently the airline is considered to be a four star airli ne. 2) Summary of current political, social, legal, economical and environmental issues influencing the company Political/ Legal The legal/political segment is an arena were the interest groups and the organizations compete for resources, attention and voice of overseeing the law and regulations guiding the various interactions among nations, This represents how organization try very hard to influence the government and how the governments control them. For instance Blue Virgin is concerned about all the government regulations that affect the business as a whole. This helps the company to effectively achieve its goals considerably since political and legal environment are business friendly to the company (Lowe 2008, P. 126) Social Social-culture is concerned with the society cultural value and attitude. Since attitude and values forms the main cornerstone of the society, then they often drive economical, political/legal, technological and demographical changes and conditions. This m arket segment has a direct effect on the overall performance of the company as it relate passenger who use the companies services from different cultural back grounds with varying attitudes (Robinson 1997, P. 31).. Economical Economical environment refers to the direction and nature of the economy in which a company competes. A firm must forecast, scan, monitor and assess the health of its economy so as to have a higher advantage over competitors in the same economy. As for the case of Blue Virgin it is important to analyze the economy before coming up with any decision that would help it to achieve its goals in such a competitive environment. Technological This includes activities and institutions involved with translating and creating knowledge of new services and various brands in the market. The benefits of these efforts suggest the findings by early adopters of new technology to help in achieving a greater market share as well as high returns. For instance Blue Virgin do verify that the it is continuously scanning the external environment in order to identify the potential substitutes for technologies that are being used and also acquiring new technology which gives it a very high competitive advantage over its competitors (Lowe 2008, P. 126). Environmental The general environment of Virgin group t is composed of dimension in the broader society which influences the company as a whole (Park 2001 P. 134.

Human Resource Management at Mitchells and Butlers

Human Resource Management at Mitchells and Butlers For the completion of this assignment many of the resources have been used and analysed. Books for the libraries and information from the internet have been a major source of information. The data and the information have been collected from all the secondary sources. I have not used any primary source of information as personal interview or direct phone calls or have not taken any questionnaire approach. Internet has been a major source of information as most of the information has been acquired from the internet. Along with that, books related with the courses and the course book itself has been useful for the preparation of the assignment. Table of context Introduction of HRM, changing role of business Environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.1 How HRM helps in productivityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.1-3 Psychological contractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦3-4 HR planning and Strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4-8 Conclusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦09 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.10 Introduction Human resource management is about how to manage the people and their activities, which helps to mobilise the other resources like financial, social and technical etc. Human resource management is an idiosyncratic come within reach of to employment management which seeks to accomplish bloodthirsty improvement through the strategic exploitation of a highly unswerving and proficient work force using an incorporated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.(Storey, 1995) Basically there are three models in the HRM. These are as follows: According to hard model, HR policy should be linked or aligned with the organisational objectives or strategy .So to achieve productivity of the company HR need to integrate with organisational objective. However, according to soft model productivity is not possible until and unless organisation gain commitment from the employee. But sometimes HR also consider about the people which mobilize the other resource so they need to develop their employees mind, skills and ability which is about the resource model of HRM.(Armstrong M, 2009) The organization and staffing of the HR function clearly depends on the size of the business .Every company want to get more profit from their investment so they need to use good hr strategy like out sourcing and bringing new technology in the business which should be faster and the cheapest for the company work ,greater use of electronic HRM giving more responsibility to line managers, outsourcing transactional or routine activities and the evolution of employment regulations so that the HRM role is changing every day.(Camen-Muller M. et.al.2008) Role of HRM in organisational productivity The main aim of the company is optimized the maximum resources and get more profit so HRM policy need to be fit with company strategy .consequently HRM always want to use new method in the organization which should be help in company growth .The main function of the HRM are as follows: 1 Staffing (recruitment and selection) Training and development Performance objective (appraisal and rewards) Change management and administrative objectives. Introduction about the Company Mitchells and butlers is the uks leading operator of managed pubs and pub restaurants. They offer food, drinks, entertainment and accommodation to their customer nationwide. It listed on the London Stock Exchange in April 2003 and is a member of the FTSE250.Mitchells Butlers has a high quality manor, decided on the long-standing enlargement in the informal eating out market where MAB pubs are well placed to detain an unbalanced share. Every time they are trying to use new method and technology and they are also careful to the customers satisfaction, long term growth and the company brand. So they are using new HR function to their company. These are as follow Function of HRM Recruitment and selection: It is the process of having the right person in the right place at the right time. It is vital presentation to organizational performance. It is an essential activity, not just for the HR team but also for line managers who are more and more concerned in the selection process. There is some point which is the step of recruitment and selection these are; Identify the role Attracting applications Application and selection process Making the appointment It is the most important factor of HR function ,Their target is choose the right people to the right position if they choose right person they can help to company productivity because they will do the good job in a company and company growth will be increase. According to the Mitchell and Butlers they are using interview method in their selection process. Most of the company are using this method because they want to know about the employee behave their activities, style, cultural .and they can easily find out, they are fit in the company or not? 2 Training and development: Training and development strategy is intended to support the accomplishment of business goal promoting by human capital improvement. It is also about the skill and knowledge about the employee, what type of skill they want and what type of training they want? They need to consider about their interest because of if employee does not happy with their work it will affect in the company aims. So training and development process provide the skeleton for human being and self directed learning, As a result everyone in the company could be optimistic and given the occasion to learn to develop their skills and gen to the highest of other ability. Nowadays every company are using the new technology in their business about this training and development they started to give online training like video conference because of the cost every company want to minimize their cost and they want to increase the company growth. Appraisal and reward: It is about the employee motivation like promotion staff facilities, free insurance, promotion etc.HR manager also consider about this thing because if employees are happy they can do the good job and their progress will be increase. According to the Mitchell and Butlers they are providing them staff bonus every month and if somebody did the good job they will give them extra benefit like increase the pay and promotion. Psychological contract: The psychological contract is anxious with assumptions, exceptions, promises and joint responsibility. It creates stance and emotions which from and oversee deeds. It is also self-motivated it develops over time as understanding accumulates, member of staff circumstances change and employees re-evaluate their exceptions. (Guestetal 1996) About the employers point of view, it covers the employment relationship as an ability, endeavour, obedience, dedication and loyalty but about the employees point of view they want these thing: Protection of employment Attachment and pressure Trust the management of the company to keep their promises. 3 Opportunity to develop their skills According to the Mitchell and butlers they had good relationship between management teams and employees. So the success of the company depends on the people who work for the organization. They are proud of their staff and they would like to thank all their employees for their hard work and commitment. So that in this way all employees will be satisfy with their team work and they will be motivated. As a result company will achieve the goal. HR functions depend upon the HR strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ HR PLANNING AND HR STRATEGY Human resource planning at its essence is identifying the number of employees and skills required for the future and ensuring they are available to the organization when required. (Lecture handouts) Strategy human resource management is about scientifically linking people with the organization. The strategic means companys long term plan for how it will balance its internal strengths and weakness with its external opportunity and threats to maintain a reasonable benefit. Strategic human resource management is largely about integration and adaptation. Its concern is to insure that: HR management is fully integrated with the strategy and strategic needs of the firm. HR policies cohere both across policy areas and across hierarchies HR practices are familiar, acknowledged and used by line managers and employees as part of their every day work. (Schuler 1992) The major three generic strategic are: Innovative: High degree of inspired activities, long term focus, high risk and a judicious degree of concern for value. Quality: recurring and predicable behaviours, more long term or transitional focus, low risk, high distress for method and worth. Cost reduction: Short term focus, feature output, low risk, and individual motion primary concern for result. 4 HR strategy also find out from these two analyses, these are Internal analyses: Swot (strength and weakness) and gap analyses External analyses: Pest analyses SWOT ANALYSES: Strength: Strength is the power of the company but it depends on their resources like human resource, financial resource, quality product, good customers service and team work. Every company want to be strength in the market. So a business Strengths are its possessions and capabilities that can be used as a basic for embryonic an aggressive improvement. Such as: Patents Muscular brand names Good character against customers Approving access to allotment network Weakness: Sometimes a weakness may be the flip side of strength. Some weaknesses are as follow: Lack of patent security High cost constitution, Lack of the access the best natural funds Underprivileged reputation among clients A weak product name, Opportunity: The external environment analysis may reveal certain new changes for gain and growth, these are: Loosening of regulation, Coming of new technology, A discontented customers needs, Removal of international trade barriers, 5 Threats: Changes in the external environment also may present threats to the company such as: New Regulations, Changing customers behaviour or test, Materialization of alternative product, Increased trade barriers (www.quickmba.com) GAP ANALYSES It is about evaluate between the present and future situation what are they doing now and what did they want to change in a future.   A breach is occasionally called the autonomy flanked by where we are and where we want to be. A gap investigation helps overpass that legroom by stress which requirements are being met and which is not. The tool provides a foundation for measuring the investment of time, money and human resources thats required to accomplish a particular upshot. (Lecture handouts) Desire future stages .Purpose .Vision Current position Resources Competences/skills Organisation activities Gap analysis PEST ANALYSIS Political: It is about the political situation about the company and how it affects in the organisation activities, when government change, they can bring the new rules, laws and regulation in the country and atomically it changed everything such as tax and council tax, so HR manager need to be consider about this point: current legislation house promote 6 global legislation government policies government term and change trading policies funding, grants and initiatives home market lobbying/anxiety groups worldwide strain groups Economic: Marketers require allowing for the situation of a trading financial system in the petite and extensive -terms. This is principally accurate when scheduling for worldwide advertising. Which are as follow? Interest rates. The level of price raises Service level per capita. taxation explicit to product/services unambiguous industry factors market routes and division trends Social: The community and enlightening influences on trade fluctuate from nation to nation. It is very imperative that such factors are painstaking. Factors embrace: way of life trends demographics media views law changes affecting social factors brand, company, technology image consumer buying patterns fashion and role models buying access and trends 7 ethnic/devout factors Technology: Technology is fundamental for bloodthirsty improvement and is a chief driver of globalization. Regard as the subsequent points: competing technology progress investigate support replacement technology/solutions industrialized maturity and capacity consumer buying mechanism/technology familiarity legislation innovation potential expertise access, licensing, patents rational property issues(www.businessballs.com/www.marketingteacher.com) 8 Conclusion Mitchells Butlers has a high eminence, well-located manor, focused on long-term expansion in the casual, value-for-money, eating and drinking-out markets. Their sales approach is based on four principal levers, providing their customers with: high-quality amenity; again and again great value; a wide choice of food and drink; and admirable service. Their verified knowledge at every level, pooled with a pub estate of incomparable quality in prime locations, continues to convey on their scheme of pouring commercial quantity development and creating shareholder value. As a summary the HR manager considers about these points, motivation (how to motivate the employee), performance management (increase personal development), recruitment and selection (how to choose the right people to the right place), training and development (increase their capability with training). After that organisation successfully achieve the company goals. 9

Creating A Writing Technology :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Creating A Writing Technology In reading Tribble and Trubeks’ â€Å"Writing Materials† I learned that writing is a product of historical circumstances and cultural values as well as of individual invention.(2). The reading selections enabled me to realize just how much I and many others take modern technology for granted. In the book writing itself is defined as technology, which threw me off very early in this assignment. I’d previously only thought of technology as something that uses electricity or some type of battery. I do understand that writing has been in many ways perfected by technologies such as the typewriter and computer but writing itself as a technology still seems to be a bit beyond me. My lack of understanding did make this project a little difficult yet interesting but what was more difficult was the project itself. Trying to compose an idea for an invention was a very trying task, but after lots of thought and checklists, I was able to produce an idea that I thought feasible. I found it very easy to think of many different ideas at once and then go through them one by one checking off the things that were wrong or unnatural about them. One of the first ideas I explored was writing in mud. It was natural, I didn’t need many materials and it seemed easy enough. But I came to the conclusion that the text would be difficult to see, as well as understand and the mud would probably crumble into pieces. Another idea I explored was writing in the sand. There were many things wrong with this idea. First, whatever I kept the sand in would be unnatural. Also if the sand was moved, so was the text and lastly where in heck was I going to find sand in my apartment complex. Finally I found an idea that I thought just might work. I would write a message on the bark of a tree with leaves using that sap from the tree to make the leaves stick to the bark. It seemed easy enough, everything was natural but the only thing was that it probably wouldn’t last very long. This I figured would only be a minor obstacle because as with the invention of all new technologies there would be a few glitches.

Compare and Contrast Christians vs Muslims

As with most religions studied all around the world both Islamic and Christian faith are viewed as powerful and life changing lifestyle in a religious aspect. Although, they are both unique in their own way both religions have helped to shape the people in which they are practiced by. In the essay below you will encounter the differences and similarities which make these religions what they are to the people who practice them. Although, no one religion is greater than the other they are only as great as the people who vow to live them daily.Christian and Muslim faith have both help to develop the country, America as two of the most widely practiced religions, and although they are different they both have made positive impact in the development of the country. With a place like America, considering the freedom of the people, the views and morals and values of the people, who inhabit this beautiful country it is not hard to figure out why they call it the â€Å"melting pot. † D epending on who is describing its beauty, to most it would be known as the American dream, mostly to those who do no live here and want to come here.When people speak of America they speak of freedom, freedom to live as they want, freedom to say what they want, freedom to do as they want and the freedom to dream as they want. All of these things and more make up what America is known for. However, although, living freely is something that is precious to those who come here, one of the most important aspects to living freely as they would like is the fact that they are welcomed here no matter what religion. With religion being such a big part in most people's lives it is not uncommon to see people engaging in it everyday.Although there are many different religions, in America two of the most common religion happens to be Christianity and the Islamic religion, Muslim. Although, these two religions differ, they also have their similarities, both religions believe that there is only one true God that sends down a messenger to observe the people, they both believe in a better reward in the after life if they live their lives well and according to the commands of their God. Both religions rely on a books in which they use to guide them through life.They both praise and worship their Gods, although in different ways and they both practice certain commands of their God to show their appreciation for life given to them by the Gods they serve. However, to accurately pick apart these two religions, and translate their full value, would probably be impossible, because neither religion nor how it’s practiced is fully understood by the people who practice it. However, both do have their own views as to how things came about, how things should be done, and the consequences of not doing as their God would have them to do.To know the difference between the two, to understand that aspect, it is first important to understand what each religion is, and how they came about. Practicing Christianity means to practice a religion based on the belief in Jesus Christ. They believe that Jesus, by dying and rising from the dead, made up for the sin of Adam and thus redeemed the world, allowing all who believe in him to enter heaven. Christians rely on the Bible as the inspired word of God.The Bible is their book of direction, written by the disciples and followers of God and translated to them from Him so that the people will follow these directions for their daily lives. To them the word was breathed by God. It is even fair to say that one of the biggest differences between the two is that Christianity is more about the relationship with God rather than the religious practice. The Christian population believe that in order to truly worship God, one must get close to him and develop a relationship with him, with that, the closer you are to him, the more you will become like him.It is believed that God allows each and every Christian to develop and grow their own relationship with God so as to get to a place of love shared between the two. In a sense, if the love you have for God grows outside of a religious sense it is still acceptable by God, and the more the love grows the more you are accepted by him. Although, religious practices go hand in hand with worshiping him so the more love you have for God the more you will do at his command because you know it will show the love you have for him.Other big differences are the belief that God exist as one in three persons which includes The Father, The Son and the Holy Spirit. In the Muslim religion there is one God, or better known as Allah. Period. Its beliefs are different from the teaching of the Christian faith. To Muslims, there is but one God, and Jesus, is merely a prophet, just as Muhammad was, for the people, born a virgin, but created just as Adam and all mankind was. However, Muhammad is who was chosen by God. The people of Muslim faith do not believe in Jesus dying on the cross, because they do not believe thatGod would allow such a torturous death to one of his followers, with that though Christians believe the death was needed in order to show salvations for all the sins of the people. For the Muslim, the Qu'ran is their book of direction; however it was not created until after the bible. As the Christians believe that the Bible is the only holy word direct from God, Muslims believe the Qu'ran has just the same importance. Christians believe their bible to be the only word, and that nothing can be added or taken away from it which is exactly what the Islamic people did by erecting the Qu'ran.Because of these essential differences and contradictions, Islam and Christianity cannot both be true. The Bible and Qur’an cannot both be God’s Word. The truth has eternal consequences. As stated above both believe in an eternal reward for good deeds, but the way in which you receive them differ as well. In the Christian religion, Jesus died for all si ns and as long as his existence is believed and people repent of their sins they can be forgiven, only by God's grace and granted access to a heavenly existence after earthly existence is finished.As far the Islamic religion is concerned paradise is only earned by keeping the five pillars, which include: The testimony of faith. This means, â€Å"There is no deity but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. † A person can convert to Islam by stating this creed. The shahada shows that a Muslim believes in Allah alone as deity and believes that Muhammad reveals Allah. Prayer, Five ritual prayers must be performed every day. Giving, this almsgiving is a certain percentage given once a year. Fasting. Muslims fast during Ramadan in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.They must not eat or drink from dawn until sunset. Pilgrimage. If physically and financially possible, a Muslim must make the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once. This is performed in the twelfth m onth of the Islamic calendar. These five pillars, are what Muslim followers believe if lived by will assist them in obtaining eternal life with the God in which they serve. When comparing these two religions, the contrast is also apparent in their way of life as well. Education and marriage are also two things common in both religions and cultures but very different.One thing is certain when analyzing the union of marriage or the importance and significance of education in the Muslim faith, religion goes hand in hand with each of these subjects because faith and religious growth is what determines the lifestyle of Muslims in every aspect. The Qur'an lays out clear guidelines for marriage. One of the main traits you should look for in a potential spouse is a similarity in religious outlook. For the sake of compatibility, and the upbringing of future children, it is most recommended for a Muslim to marry another Muslim.However, in some circumstances it is permissible for a Muslim to m arry a non-Muslim. The engagement is the biggest part of the wedding. Once the father has found a groom for his daughter, the wedding plans start rolling. The father than receives a bag of money as a thank you from the man who is about to marry his daughter. These are the oldest form of arraigned marriages and dowry is still a very important part of the proceedings. This is a token of his gratitude and loyalty to his daughter. Muslim beliefs are very strict when it comes to their marriages and the relationships within them.The man in the relationship is just that. He runs the household and everything that needs to be taken care of. In a Muslim relationship, the woman is meant to reproduce and take care of the home while her husband is at work. As the wife you are required to give your husband the utmost respect in absolutely every way. You are also required to accept and deal with any punishment that he feels you require. These are the beliefs of a Muslim marriage. However, these pu nishments and disciplines are not handed out the way that the media would have you believe.While a modern woman in America would have no part of this type of marriage, Muslim women have been taught no other teachings, and the faith is to be respected. While both religions look to their religion to lead their marriage, the Islamic faith is more likely to follow theirs to the letter. Christians also believe in the sanction of marriage and believe the same principles such as not cheating and staying true to the spouse. But, Christians are less likely to follow every step in the process. The penalties in one religion are nothing compared to the penalties in another.If you are a Muslim woman you cannot divorce your husband, he can only divorce you, adultery is punishable with death by stoning and there are almost no second chances, because the faith of the Islamic people are so strong this is excepted. However, Christianity is quite different; a woman may divorce her husband. Both men an d women are equal in marriage and one does not rule the other. However the woman should submit to the man in order to help their marriage to be successful. To be educated is also something that has noted differences between the two religions Education is the birth right of every Muslim and Muslimah.Islam puts considerable emphasis on its followers to acquire knowledge. Investment in education is the best investment one can make, because it eventually leads to intellectual property. Intellectual property is the intangible property, which no one can steal or destroy. This is the property on which no Government can levy a tax. In the Western World the purpose of education is to provide for the economic prosperity of a nation. At a personal level the purpose of education is to acquire academic and professional skills that enable one to earn a respectable living with riches and fame, and also a luxurious and comfortable life.For a Muslim providing economic prosperity of a nation does not contradict his /her Islamic belief, however focusing the goals of education solely for the purpose of money making is unpalatable. Muslims want to impart Islamic education. Women are educated differently than men as well.